oString(); } /** * Checks if a database exists. * * @param string $database The database name. * * @return bool */ public function database_exists( $database ) { $ddl = 'SHOW DATABASES'; $result = $this->select_all( $ddl ); if ( \count( $result ) === 0 ) { return false; } foreach ( $result as $dbrow ) { if ( $dbrow['Database'] === $database ) { return true; } } return false; } /** * Creates a database. * * @param string $db The database name. * * @return bool */ public function create_database( $db ) { if ( $this->database_exists( $db ) ) { return false; } $ddl = \sprintf( 'CREATE DATABASE %s', $this->identifier( $db ) ); $result = $this->query( $ddl ); return $result === true; } /** * Drops a database. * * @param string $db The database name. * * @return bool */ public function drop_database( $db ) { if ( ! $this->database_exists( $db ) ) { return false; } $ddl = \sprintf( 'DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS %s', $this->identifier( $db ) ); $result = $this->query( $ddl ); return $result === true; } /** * Checks if a table exists. * * @param string $table The table name. * * @return bool */ public function table_exists( $table ) { global $wpdb; // We need last error to be clear so we can check against it easily. $previous_last_error = $wpdb->last_error; $previous_suppress_errors = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->last_error = ''; $wpdb->suppress_errors = true; $result = $wpdb->query( "SELECT * FROM $table LIMIT 1" ); // Restore the last error, as this is not truly an error and we don't want to alarm people. $wpdb->last_error = $previous_last_error; $wpdb->suppress_errors = $previous_suppress_errors; return $result !== false; } /** * Wrapper to execute a query. * * @param string $query The query to run. * * @return bool */ public function execute( $query ) { return $this->query( $query ); } /** * Executes a query. * * @param string $query The query to run. * * @return bool Whether or not the query was performed succesfully. */ public function query( $query ) { global $wpdb; $query_type = $this->determine_query_type( $query ); $data = []; if ( $query_type === Constants::SQL_SELECT || $query_type === Constants::SQL_SHOW ) { $data = $wpdb->get_results( $query, \ARRAY_A ); if ( $data === false ) { return false; } return $data; } else { // INSERT, DELETE, etc... $result = $wpdb->query( $query ); if ( $result === false ) { return false; } if ( $query_type === Constants::SQL_INSERT ) { return $wpdb->insert_id; } return true; } } /** * Returns a single result for a query. * * @param string $query The query to run. * * @return array|false An associative array of the result. */ public function select_one( $query ) { global $wpdb; $query_type = $this->determine_query_type( $query ); if ( $query_type === Constants::SQL_SELECT || $query_type === Constants::SQL_SHOW ) { $result = $wpdb->query( $query ); if ( $result === false ) { return false; } return $wpdb->last_result[0]; } return false; } /** * Returns all results for a query. * * @param string $query The query to run. * * @return array An array of associative arrays. */ public function select_all( $query ) { return $this->query( $query ); } /** * Use this method for non-SELECT queries. * Or anything where you dont necessarily expect a result string, e.g. DROPs, CREATEs, etc. * * @param string $ddl The query to run. * * @return bool */ public function execute_ddl( $ddl ) { return $this->query( $ddl ); } /** * Drops a table * * @param string $table The table name. * * @return bool Whether or not the table was succesfully dropped. */ public function drop_table( $table ) { $ddl = \sprintf( 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %s', $this->identifier( $table ) ); return $this->query( $ddl ); } /** * Creates a table. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param array $options The options. * * @return Table */ public function create_table( $table_name, $options = [] ) { return new Table( $this, $table_name, $options ); } /** * Escapes a string for usage in queries. * * @param string $text The string. * * @return string */ public function quote_string( $text ) { global $wpdb; return $wpdb->_escape( $text ); } /** * Returns a quoted string. * * @param string $text The string. * * @return string */ public function identifier( $text ) { return '`' . $text . '`'; } /** * Renames a table. * * @param string $name The current table name. * @param string $new_name The new table name. * * @return bool */ public function rename_table( $name, $new_name ) { if ( empty( $name ) || empty( $new_name ) ) { return false; } $sql = \sprintf( 'RENAME TABLE %s TO %s', $this->identifier( $name ), $this->identifier( $new_name ) ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Adds a column. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param string $column_name The column name. * @param string $type The column type. * @param array $options Column options. * * @return bool */ public function add_column( $table_name, $column_name, $type, $options = [] ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $column_name ) || empty( $type ) ) { return false; } // Default types. if ( ! \array_key_exists( 'limit', $options ) ) { $options['limit'] = null; } if ( ! \array_key_exists( 'precision', $options ) ) { $options['precision'] = null; } if ( ! \array_key_exists( 'scale', $options ) ) { $options['scale'] = null; } $sql = \sprintf( 'ALTER TABLE %s ADD `%s` %s', $this->identifier( $table_name ), $column_name, $this->type_to_sql( $type, $options ) ); $sql .= $this->add_column_options( $type, $options ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Drops a column. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param string $column_name The column name. * * @return bool */ public function remove_column( $table_name, $column_name ) { $sql = \sprintf( 'ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN %s', $this->identifier( $table_name ), $this->identifier( $column_name ) ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Renames a column. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param string $column_name The column name. * @param string $new_column_name The new column name. * * @return bool */ public function rename_column( $table_name, $column_name, $new_column_name ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $column_name ) || empty( $new_column_name ) ) { return false; } $column_info = $this->column_info( $table_name, $column_name ); $current_type = $column_info['type']; $sql = \sprintf( 'ALTER TABLE %s CHANGE %s %s %s', $this->identifier( $table_name ), $this->identifier( $column_name ), $this->identifier( $new_column_name ), $current_type ); $sql .= $this->add_column_options( $current_type, $column_info ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Changes a column. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param string $column_name The column name. * @param string $type The column type. * @param array $options Column options. * * @return bool */ public function change_column( $table_name, $column_name, $type, $options = [] ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $column_name ) || empty( $type ) ) { return false; } $column_info = $this->column_info( $table_name, $column_name ); // Default types. if ( ! \array_key_exists( 'limit', $options ) ) { $options['limit'] = null; } if ( ! \array_key_exists( 'precision', $options ) ) { $options['precision'] = null; } if ( ! \array_key_exists( 'scale', $options ) ) { $options['scale'] = null; } $sql = \sprintf( 'ALTER TABLE `%s` CHANGE `%s` `%s` %s', $table_name, $column_name, $column_name, $this->type_to_sql( $type, $options ) ); $sql .= $this->add_column_options( $type, $options ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Returns the database information for a column. * * @param string $table The table name. * @param string $column The column name. * * @return array|null */ public function column_info( $table, $column ) { if ( empty( $table ) || empty( $column ) ) { return null; } try { $sql = \sprintf( "SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM %s LIKE '%s'", $this->identifier( $table ), $column ); $result = $this->select_one( $sql ); if ( \is_array( $result ) ) { $result = \array_change_key_case( $result, \CASE_LOWER ); } return $result; } catch ( Exception $e ) { return null; } } /** * Adds an index. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param array|string $column_name The column name(s). * @param array $options Index options. * * @return bool */ public function add_index( $table_name, $column_name, $options = [] ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $column_name ) ) { return false; } // Unique index? if ( \is_array( $options ) && \array_key_exists( 'unique', $options ) && $options['unique'] === true ) { $unique = true; } else { $unique = false; } // Did the user specify an index name? if ( \is_array( $options ) && \array_key_exists( 'name', $options ) ) { $index_name = $options['name']; } else { $index_name = $this->get_index_name( $table_name, $column_name ); } if ( \strlen( $index_name ) > Constants::MYSQL_MAX_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH ) { return false; } if ( ! \is_array( $column_name ) ) { $column_names = [ $column_name ]; } else { $column_names = $column_name; } $cols = []; foreach ( $column_names as $name ) { $cols[] = $this->identifier( $name ); } $sql = \sprintf( 'CREATE %sINDEX %s ON %s(%s)', ( $unique === true ) ? 'UNIQUE ' : '', $this->identifier( $index_name ), $this->identifier( $table_name ), \implode( ', ', $cols ) ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Drops an index. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param array|string $column_name The column name(s). * @param array $options Index options. * * @return bool */ public function remove_index( $table_name, $column_name, $options = [] ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $column_name ) ) { return false; } // Did the user specify an index name? if ( \is_array( $options ) && \array_key_exists( 'name', $options ) ) { $index_name = $options['name']; } else { $index_name = $this->get_index_name( $table_name, $column_name ); } $sql = \sprintf( 'DROP INDEX %s ON %s', $this->identifier( $index_name ), $this->identifier( $table_name ) ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Adds timestamps. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param string $created_column_name Created at column name. * @param string $updated_column_name Updated at column name. * * @return bool */ public function add_timestamps( $table_name, $created_column_name, $updated_column_name ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $created_column_name ) || empty( $updated_column_name ) ) { return false; } $created_at = $this->add_column( $table_name, $created_column_name, 'datetime' ); $updated_at = $this->add_column( $table_name, $updated_column_name, 'timestamp', [ 'null' => false, 'default' => 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', 'extra' => 'ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', ] ); return $created_at && $updated_at; } /** * Removes timestamps. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param string $created_column_name Created at column name. * @param string $updated_column_name Updated at column name. * * @return bool Whether or not the timestamps were removed. */ public function remove_timestamps( $table_name, $created_column_name, $updated_column_name ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $created_column_name ) || empty( $updated_column_name ) ) { return false; } $updated_at = $this->remove_column( $table_name, $created_column_name ); $created_at = $this->remove_column( $table_name, $updated_column_name ); return $created_at && $updated_at; } /** * Checks an index. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param array|string $column_name The column name(s). * @param array $options Index options. * * @return bool Whether or not the index exists. */ public function has_index( $table_name, $column_name, $options = [] ) { if ( empty( $table_name ) || empty( $column_name ) ) { return false; } // Did the user specify an index name? if ( \is_array( $options ) && \array_key_exists( 'name', $options ) ) { $index_name = $options['name']; } else { $index_name = $this->get_index_name( $table_name, $column_name ); } $indexes = $this->indexes( $table_name ); foreach ( $indexes as $idx ) { if ( $idx['name'] === $index_name ) { return true; } } return false; } /** * Returns all indexes of a table. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * * @return array */ public function indexes( $table_name ) { $sql = \sprintf( 'SHOW KEYS FROM %s', $this->identifier( $table_name ) ); $result = $this->select_all( $sql ); $indexes = []; foreach ( $result as $row ) { // Skip primary. if ( $row['Key_name'] === 'PRIMARY' ) { continue; } $indexes[] = [ 'name' => $row['Key_name'], 'unique' => (int) $row['Non_unique'] === 0, ]; } return $indexes; } /** * Converts a type to sql. Default options: * $limit = null, $precision = null, $scale = null * * @param string $type The native type. * @param array $options The options. * * @return string The SQL type. * * @throws Exception If invalid arguments are supplied. */ public function type_to_sql( $type, $options = [] ) { $natives = $this->native_database_types(); if ( ! \array_key_exists( $type, $natives ) ) { $error = \sprintf( "Error:I dont know what column type of '%s' maps to for MySQL.", $type ); $error .= "\nYou provided: {$type}\n"; $error .= "Valid types are: \n"; $types = \array_keys( $natives ); foreach ( $types as $t ) { if ( $t === 'primary_key' ) { continue; } $error .= "\t{$t}\n"; } throw new Exception( $error ); } $scale = null; $precision = null; $limit = null; if ( isset( $options['precision'] ) ) { $precision = $options['precision']; } if ( isset( $options['scale'] ) ) { $scale = $options['scale']; } if ( isset( $options['limit'] ) ) { $limit = $options['limit']; } if ( isset( $options['values'] ) ) { $values = $options['values']; } $native_type = $natives[ $type ]; if ( \is_array( $native_type ) && \array_key_exists( 'name', $native_type ) ) { $column_type_sql = $native_type['name']; } else { return $native_type; } if ( $type === 'decimal' || $type === 'float' ) { // Ignore limit, use precison and scale. if ( $precision === null && \array_key_exists( 'precision', $native_type ) ) { $precision = $native_type['precision']; } if ( $scale === null && \array_key_exists( 'scale', $native_type ) ) { $scale = $native_type['scale']; } if ( $precision !== null ) { if ( \is_int( $scale ) ) { $column_type_sql .= \sprintf( '(%d, %d)', $precision, $scale ); } else { $column_type_sql .= \sprintf( '(%d)', $precision ); } } elseif ( $scale ) { throw new Exception( "Error adding $type column: precision cannot be empty if scale is specified" ); } } elseif ( $type === 'enum' ) { if ( empty( $values ) ) { throw new Exception( 'Error adding enum column: there must be at least one value defined' ); } else { $column_type_sql .= \sprintf( "('%s')", \implode( "','", \array_map( [ $this, 'quote_string' ], $values ) ) ); } } // Not a decimal column. if ( $limit === null && \array_key_exists( 'limit', $native_type ) ) { $limit = $native_type['limit']; } if ( $limit ) { $column_type_sql .= \sprintf( '(%d)', $limit ); } return $column_type_sql; } /** * Adds column options. * * @param string $type The native type. * @param array $options The options. * * @return string The SQL statement for the column options. * * @throws Exception If invalid arguments are supplied. */ public function add_column_options( $type, $options ) { $sql = ''; if ( ! \is_array( $options ) ) { return $sql; } if ( \array_key_exists( 'unsigned', $options ) && $options['unsigned'] === true ) { $sql .= ' UNSIGNED'; } if ( \array_key_exists( 'character', $options ) ) { $sql .= \sprintf( ' CHARACTER SET %s', $this->identifier( $options['character'] ) ); } if ( \array_key_exists( 'collate', $options ) ) { $sql .= \sprintf( ' COLLATE %s', $this->identifier( $options['collate'] ) ); } if ( \array_key_exists( 'auto_increment', $options ) && $options['auto_increment'] === true ) { $sql .= ' auto_increment'; } if ( \array_key_exists( 'default', $options ) && $options['default'] !== null ) { if ( $this->is_sql_method_call( $options['default'] ) ) { throw new Exception( 'MySQL does not support function calls as default values, constants only.' ); } if ( \is_int( $options['default'] ) ) { $default_format = '%d'; } elseif ( \is_bool( $options['default'] ) ) { $default_format = "'%d'"; } elseif ( $options['default'] === 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP' ) { $default_format = '%s'; } else { $default_format = "'%s'"; } $default_value = \sprintf( $default_format, $options['default'] ); $sql .= \sprintf( ' DEFAULT %s', $default_value ); } if ( \array_key_exists( 'null', $options ) ) { if ( $options['null'] === false || $options['null'] === 'NO' ) { $sql .= ' NOT NULL'; } elseif ( $type === 'timestamp' ) { $sql .= ' NULL'; } } if ( \array_key_exists( 'comment', $options ) ) { $sql .= \sprintf( " COMMENT '%s'", $this->quote_string( $options['comment'] ) ); } if ( \array_key_exists( 'extra', $options ) ) { $sql .= \sprintf( ' %s', $this->quote_string( $options['extra'] ) ); } if ( \array_key_exists( 'after', $options ) ) { $sql .= \sprintf( ' AFTER %s', $this->identifier( $options['after'] ) ); } return $sql; } /** * Returns a list of all versions that have been migrated. * * @return string[] The version numbers that have been migrated. */ public function get_migrated_versions() { $result = $this->select_all( \sprintf( 'SELECT version FROM %s', $this->get_schema_version_table_name() ) ); return \array_column( $result, 'version' ); } /** * Adds a migrated version. * * @param string $version The version. * * @return bool Whether or not the version was succesfully set. */ public function add_version( $version ) { $sql = \sprintf( "INSERT INTO %s (version) VALUES ('%s')", $this->get_schema_version_table_name(), $version ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Removes a migrated version. * * @param string $version The version. * * @return bool Whether or not the version was succesfully removed. */ public function remove_version( $version ) { $sql = \sprintf( "DELETE FROM %s WHERE version = '%s'", $this->get_schema_version_table_name(), $version ); return $this->execute_ddl( $sql ); } /** * Returns a message displaying the current version * * @return string */ public function __toString() { return self::class . ', version ' . $this->version; } /** * Returns an index name. * * @param string $table_name The table name. * @param string $column_name The column name. * * @return string The index name. */ private function get_index_name( $table_name, $column_name ) { $name = \preg_replace( '/\\W/', '_', $table_name ); $name = \preg_replace( '/\\_{2,}/', '_', $name ); // If the column parameter is an array then the user wants to create a multi-column index. if ( \is_array( $column_name ) ) { $column_str = \implode( '_and_', $column_name ); } else { $column_str = $column_name; } $name .= \sprintf( '_%s', $column_str ); return $name; } /** * Returns the type of a query. * * @param string $query The query to run. * * @return int The query type. */ private function determine_query_type( $query ) { $query = \strtolower( \trim( $query ) ); $match = []; \preg_match( '/^(\\w)*/i', $query, $match ); $type = $match[0]; switch ( $type ) { case 'select': return Constants::SQL_SELECT; case 'update': return Constants::SQL_UPDATE; case 'delete': return Constants::SQL_DELETE; case 'insert': return Constants::SQL_INSERT; case 'alter': return Constants::SQL_ALTER; case 'drop': return Constants::SQL_DROP; case 'create': return Constants::SQL_CREATE; case 'show': return Constants::SQL_SHOW; case 'rename': return Constants::SQL_RENAME; case 'set': return Constants::SQL_SET; default: return Constants::SQL_UNKNOWN_QUERY_TYPE; } } /** * Detect whether or not the string represents a function call and if so * do not wrap it in single-quotes, otherwise do wrap in single quotes. * * @param string $text The string. * * @return bool Whether or not it's a SQL function call. */ private function is_sql_method_call( $text ) { $text = \trim( $text ); if ( \substr( $text, -2, 2 ) === '()' ) { return true; } return false; } /** * Checks if a transaction is active. * * @return bool */ private function in_transaction() { return $this->in_transaction; } /** * Starts a transaction. * * @return void * * @throws Exception If a transaction was already started. */ private function begin_transaction() { global $wpdb; if ( $this->in_transaction === true ) { throw new Exception( 'Transaction already started' ); } $wpdb->query( 'START TRANSACTION' ); $this->in_transaction = true; } /** * Commits a transaction. * * @return void * * @throws Exception If no transaction was strated. */ private function commit() { global $wpdb; if ( $this->in_transaction === false ) { throw new Exception( 'Transaction not started' ); } $wpdb->query( 'COMMIT' ); $this->in_transaction = false; } /** * Rollbacks a transaction. * * @return void * * @throws Exception If no transaction was started. */ private function rollback() { global $wpdb; if ( $this->in_transaction === false ) { throw new Exception( 'Transaction not started' ); } $wpdb->query( 'ROLLBACK' ); $this->in_transaction = false; } } Winning Tactics to Amplify Your Online Casino Fun: A Masters Guide to Strategy

The Power of Strategy in Online Casino Games

Even though luck plays a paramount role in online casino games, its not always the defining factor. Theres a need to fuse the excitement of chance with novel strategies to maximize the thrills and potential wins.

Intricately understanding the rules and the gameplay of each game can turn the tables in your favor. For instance, games like Blackjack and Poker are more dependent on strategy than slot games, which are entirely reliant on luck.

Importance of Managing Your Bankroll

A crucial area where strategy is extremely necessary is in bankroll management. As tempting as it might be to bet big, success in online casinos hinges on how shrewdly you manage your finances. Here are some tips:

  • Set a daily or weekly budget and stick to it no matter how much you win or lose.
  • Divide your budget into smaller portions to extend your gameplay and increase your winning chances.
  • Refrain from chasing your losses. Accept them as part of the game and let it go.

For an extra boost in your gaming adventures, hunt for convenient offers like the jeetcity casino no deposit bonus codes. Such bonuses give you the chance to extend your gameplay, possibly increasing your chances of bagging wins.

Mastering the Art of Game Selection

The variety of games in online casinos can be a gift and a curse. Its essential to explore and find games that suit your gaming style, and subsequently, perfect your skill in them. Heres how:

  1. Start with free versions: This helps you understand the game, learn strategies, and build confidence without risking real money.
  2. Go for games with a low house edge: Games like Craps and Blackjack usually offer better chances of winning.
  3. Understand the odds: Every game has different odds. The higher the odds, the larger the potential payout.

Over time, this strategy tends to pay off as you get used to the mechanics and nuances of your chosen games and can confidently wager with real money.

Knowing When to Bow Out Gracefully

Knowing when to quit is as crucial as knowing how to play. Epic comebacks make for great stories, but oftentimes, they’re a result of luck rather than strategy. If you’ve hit a losing streak, it’s wise to take a break, reassess your tactics, and try again later.

Remember, online casino gaming should be all about fun. If winning becomes an obsession, the entertainment value diminishes, and the cycle of losses is likely to continue. It’s always wise to play responsibly and within your limits.

With the right tactics in your arsenal, you will not only enjoy the thrills that online casino games offer but also increase your chances of coming out on top. So, roll the dice, spin the reels, and dive into the mesmerizing world of online casino entertainment!

.
.
.
.
Lấy Code